sábado, 2 de abril de 2011

Solstício e Equinócio

O eixo de rotação da terra (movimento da terra em torno dela mesma) possui uma posição fixa que está ligeiramente inclinada em 23,5 º em relação ao eixo de translação da terra (movimento da terra em torno do sol).


Isto faz com que em determinada época do ano, a luz solar incida com maior intensidade sobre o hemisfério norte e, na outra parte do ano, incida com maior intensidade sobre o hemisfério sul, caracterizando o chamado:


Equinócio

 
No seu movimento de translação ao redor do sol, há dois momentos no ano em que o ângulo de inclinação da terra em relação ao sol é zero, entre os meses de março/abril e setembro/outubro. Durante os os meses antecedentes e precedentes aos equinócios, nos dois hemisférios há a predominância de climas temperados representados pelas estações outono e primavera nos hemisférios opostos.
Equinócio tem sua raíz do latim, que significa igualdade, ou seja, neste dia a duração do dia e da noite são exatamente iguais: 12 horas.
Nosso equinócio de outono acontece dia 21 de março e o de primavera no dia 21 de setembro.


Solstício
 
Solstício vem do latim, significa “sol que permanece parado”. Ou seja, na sua incursão pelo céu, o sol, em dois momentos do ano durante o seu afastamento ou aproximação, “para” a sua trajetória e retorna para o caminho anterior. Um exemplo bem próximo de nós pode ser observado neste mês de junho. Temos observado o sol se afastando cada vez mais para o norte desde o mês de maio. No entanto, no dia 21 de junho haverá o nosso solstício de inverno, quando o sol chegará ao fim do seu caminho rumo ao norte, parará durante um dia, e recomeçará a se aproximar de nós. Simultaneamente ao nosso solstício de inverno estará acontecendo o solstício de verão no hemisfério norte.

O solstício de verão, no hemisfério sul, ocorre no dia 21 de dezembro. Neste dia há o maior dia do ano, assim como, no hemisfério norte este é o solstício de inverno, onde ocorre o menor dia do ano.


 Fontes: http://www.teliga.net/2007/10/solstcios-e-equincios.html
                http://www.infoescola.com/geografia/solsticio-e-equinocio/

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